Sports debate motions

Multi-club ownership (MCO) in football is a rapidly growing model where a single entity significantly controls or influences multiple clubs.

A bench player (or substitute, backup, reserve) is a member of a sports team who is not in the starting lineup, but is swapped in to replace the starters during the game. Bench players are often paid less with less playing time compared to starters

Combat sports are sports like boxing or mixed martial arts where people fight each other following rules.

Professional sport often includes high value transactions like player transfers and sponsorships. There is a lot of investment in infrastructure like stadiums or arenas and large tournaments are accompanied by high ticket prices, purchases of broadcasting rights and ad revenue. Professional athletes of the highest level can earn up to 500 000 USD a week, while large leagues like the NBA are worth around 5 billion USD.

Nowadays, some athletes and celebrities earn millions and sometimes even billions, while teachers, doctors and lawyers make considerably less.

Currently, most youth and professional sports are divided into separate categories for boys and girls to try and ensure fairness. However, some people argue that grouping athletes strictly by their actual physical ability, size, or skill level, regardless of their gender, would create more exciting, inclusive, and truly equal competitions for everyone.

"""VAR (Video Assistant Referee) uses video replays to correct """"clear and obvious"""" officiating errors. In a 2020 match against Brighton, Manchester United was awarded a penalty after the full-time whistle had already blown. Following a missed handball by Neal Maupay in the final seconds, VAR intervened as players were leaving the pitch. Since the referee hadn't left the field, rules allowed him to restart play. Bruno Fernandes converted the spot-kick in the 100th minute, securing a 3-2 win."""

Under a regional recruitment model, professional football clubs only sign players who are either born in their region or spent a significant portion of their life there. For example, Athletic Bilbao in Spain only signs players who were born in or lived significant part of their lives in the Basque region.

For the purposes of this debate, "Franchise Loyalty" refers to players prioritizing to stay in the same team for an extended period of time.

Hurling is a Gaelic sport native to Ireland, governed by the Gaelic Athletic Association. The structure of the GAA is a voluntary, democratic association, with a base of workers being volunteers with voting rights. The individual club is the basic unit of the association, with fans and volunteers owning the vast majority stake and no private ownership or buyouts of clubs. The viewership rights of games are held by the GAA. Profit made from tournaments goes to grassroots organisations, clubs, and staff in order to train young players for the sport. Sponsors for Hurling include Ford, Allianz etc, and the most recent All Ireland Hurling Championship final had a viewing of more than half a million.

Technical doping refers to the use of sports equipment that confers a significant competitive advantage (e.g., running shoes, swimming suits) over alternative equipment of the same category.

Many sports, like football, basketball, and gymnastics, have separate competitions for boys and girls, so each gender only competes against the same gender. Some sports, like chess, allow everyone to compete together, no matter their gender.

Team sports like volleyball, basketball, and soccer, prioritise the success of the team as a whole. Where teamwork is what allows for players to win and any joy from success is shared across the team. Individual sports like badminton, tennis, and boxing, prioritise the success of the individual. Every win is due to the player's own efforts and is proof that they are the best in their respective sport.

Mainstream sports are widely popular and played or followed by large numbers of people globally. Examples include soccer, basketball, tennis, football, and baseball. This is in contrast to less well-known sports which refers to sports with a smaller following or limited regional popularity. Examples include handball, curling, lacrosse, sepak takraw and squash.

Animal sports involve competitions where animals participate in races, fights, or performances, often showcasing their speed, strength, or skill. Common examples include horse racing, greyhound racing, and bullfighting.

In many sports, teams sell season tickets to fans, giving them access to all of the team's games for an entire season. There are a limited number of these tickets and they can go for thousands of dollars. Often, a portion of these tickets are specially reserved for longtime fans who have attended a large number of games. These tickets are a key revenue source for many teams and sports leagues. Currently, only owners and senior managers can make major decisions regarding a team.

Many popular sports like American football, rugby, boxing, MMA, and ice hockey have reported a high rate of concussions and other head injuries.

Nearly all major European sports leagues have had experience with riots, violence or fights taking place at sporting stadiums and bar venues. These can lead to lots of injuries and tend to be started by intoxicated members of the public or individuals upset at the result of a sporting event.

In ice hockey, especially in leagues like the NHL, there's a long-standing unwritten rule and cultural norm that allows players to drop their gloves and engage in fights. While fighting is technically penalized (usually a 5-minute major), it's still tolerated and somewhat ritualized. The "enforcer" (sometimes called the "fighter" or "goon") is a player whose informal role is to fight opponents, protect star players, and uphold team toughness and morale.

Naturalization of athletes refers to the process whereby countries like Singapore, Qatar, and China grant expedited citizenship to foreign-born athletes primarily to compete in international sports competitions. Athletes are often not required to have any cultural, linguistic, or residential connection to the country.

"Homegrown player" refers to an athlete who was either born and raised in the club's hometown or developed through the club's youth academy, typically having joined the system at a young age e.g Lebron James with the Cleveland cavaliers, Lionel Messi with Barcelona etc"

Celtic and Rangers (collectively referred to as 'The Old Firm') are the two largest football clubs in Scotland and currently play in the Scottish Premiership. 'The Old Firm' has been dominating the Scottish Premiership, and the number of attendees at their home games are equal to the rest of the top two divisions of Scottish Football League combined. For the purpose of this debate, 'The Old Firm' is offered to join the English Football league structure, entering initially in the English Premier League.

Under a 'no fault stand-down' policy, any player charged with a serious criminal offence would be automatically suspended with full pay, pending the trial's outcome. The policy makes no judgement about the player's guilt, but operates as a precautionary blanket policy. It contrasts to a discretionary system, where each time a player is charged with a crime, the club makes a decision on whether to stand them down based on the circumstances.

HA! AS IF YOU THOUGHT ID CA THE LSE OPEN AND NOT SET A DEBATE ABOUT SPORT. SHAME ON YOU. UP THE CHELS!

Generally, all countries are permitted to attend and compete in the Olympics. The most recent Olympics in France saw Russia banned from competition due to the war in Ukraine. Many states also criticized the participation of Israel, who competed despite the war in Gaza.

There are currently no age limits in the Olympic Games. At the most recent Tokyo Olympics, the youngest competitors were 12 years old.

A host nation provides the facilities for that event to take place. Currently, the host of an international sporting event is decided per edition. For example, Tokyo hosted the 2020 Olympics while Paris hosted the 2024 Olympics because these cities were supported by their country in bidding to host the Games.

Commercialisation of sports refers to making profit from sports. For example, by charging lots of money for tickets, or having advertisting during games.

Gambling rules in India are very complex, based on Subjective metrics of Game of Skill vs Game of Chance. However, as things stand right now, Indian courts have adjudged fantasy sports apps like Dream11 (+70 Million users) a game of skill and hence, exempt from the Public Gambling Act, 1867. Google on the other hand has very strict policies regarding gambling and doesn't allow any app offering cash contests on the playstore.

Countries often bid to host major sporting events to enhance their global image, stimulate their economies, and showcase their infrastructural capabilities. Examples of major sporting events include the World Cup and the Olympic Games. In the past, concerns have been raised about human rights abuses and violations, in some host countries.

Several popular sports (e.g. boxing, rugby) have relatively high risk of traumatic head injuries, which can cause significant damage to the brain. In response to several high-profile cases of brain damage in former athletes in later life, some of these sports have recently updated their concussion protocols to try to reduce the risk to athletes (e.g. making it easier for doctors to force a boxing match to end for medical reasons)

Naturalisation refers to the process by which a non-citizen may obtain citizenship in a country they were not born in. In sports, nations often employ the strategy of naturalising foreign athletes to compete for their nation e.g. half of the Malaysian National Football Team being naturalised citizens, US-born Eileen Gu & South Korea-born Lee Hyo-jun competing for China in the Olympics

There are two dominant models of E-Sports Leagues: The Franchise Model sets up regional leagues, where private groups buy teams which cannot be relegated from the league. Each league is overseen by their own central authority and the league is owned by the teams and game developer. Teams compete in matches throughout a season, at the end of which an eventual champion is named for that league. Prominent examples of E-Sports using this system are League of Legends, Valorant, Overwatch etc. The Qualifier Model involves a set of independently run tournaments ranging from smaller regional events to major tournaments that require qualification or invitation based on success at previous tournaments. All of the tournaments are run by different organizations or actors, which can have different criteria for inviting or allowing teams to participate. Prominent examples of E-Sports using this system are CS:GO, Dota 2 etc.

Countries with authoritarian political structures are generally understood to have a track record of human rights violations through taking away rights of people. Example of such countries are Qatar, Russia, Saudi Arabia, etc. In recent times, there has been a trend of such countries hosting major sporting events and institutions of such countries owning sports teams.

For the purpose of this debate, a 'sporting dividend' refers to a payout which a sport team makes to a third party, upon generating profits from successes in league campaigns. These may include prize money awarded after reaching a certain position in a league, or after winning a cup trophy.

The European Super League (ESL) was a proposed football competition to be contested by 12 of the best clubs from England, Spain and Italy. Under the ESL, these teams would play each other as an alternative to the European Champions League. These ""founding"" clubs would be unable to be relegated from the league, with additional spots being awarded to the best performers in domestic leagues each season. Widespread backlash lead to the cancellation of the project.

The Indian Premier League (IPL) is a professional Twenty20 cricket league, contested by ten teams based out of ten Indian cities. The league was founded by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) in 2007. It is usually held between March and May of every year. A team can acquire players through any of the three ways: the annual player auction, trading players with other teams during the trading windows, and signing replacements for unavailable players. Players sign up for the auction and also set their base price, and are bought by the franchise that bids the highest for them. Recently there has been a trend of more players within India opting to play in the IPL than in the international circuit, which is typically how most international players gather experience for tournaments such as the World Cup or Champions' Trophy.

nternational Sporting events heavily emphasize the fact that no political expression or speech of any kind must be made at competitions. This is enforced quite harshly with athletes facing bans or suspensions for displaying symbols/gestures or making speeches that are viewed as political of any kind.

It is 1967. You are a 21-year old American who has been drafted into the US Army, but heavily disagree with your country's actions in Vietnam. You are drafted to a non-combat role for 2-3 years. You do not qualify as a 'conscientious objector'. If you attempt to evade the draft ('draft dodge') and are caught, you will face a prison sentence (2-3 years).

Gaming technology includes but is not limited to cloud gaming, mobile gaming, and Virtual Reality (VR) / Augmented Reality (AR) gaming. E-sports include but are not limited to First-Person Shooter games, Multiplayer Online Battle Arena games, and Battle Royale games.

In Latin America (which includes Spanish/Portugese speaking nations all the way from Mexico, down to Argentina), there are a number of historical and culturally signficant soccer teams that are known for being the best in their respective domestic leagues. This would include teams like Santos in Brazil, America in Mexico, and Boca Juniors in Argentina. The Latin American Super League is a project that would involve the top 20 teams from the domestic leagues in Latin America leaving their domestic leagues

You are a vegan social media influencer with a platform based on following a vegan lifestyle. You have previously been offered small corporate sponsorships from companies selling meat alternatives. Recently, the largest meat producer in your country has brought to market a lab grown meat product that does not require the use of animals at any stage in its development. This company is currently subject to particular criticism by the animal rights movement for the methods used in the production of its meat based products and has a history of poor interactions with animal rights activists. The new product remains more expensive than traditional forms of meat but is otherwise identical to those products. This company offers you a large sponsorship to promote their product as a cruelty-free alternative to meat.

The League of Legends World Championships ("Worlds") is the E-Sports event with the record for largest live audience and online audiences (2020 had record real time streaming audience of 23m average per minute / 49.95m peak concurrent viewers). 2021 Worlds was to be held in China, which had also hosted the 2020 League of Legends Worlds with a limited live audience. It was announced that Worlds would relocate to Europe (Iceland) due to travel concerns

In recent years, many sports leagues have overseen the creation or expansion of leagues and/or tournaments playing modified short-form versions of their respective sports. Often these short-form versions are characterised by a faster pace, shorter games, fewer players per side, and/or simpler rules. Examples include T20 and The Hundred (cricket), Rugby 7s and RugbyX (rugby), Fast4 Tennis, 3x3 Basketball, etc.

For the purposes of this debate, you are in your last year of WUDC, but, you are tired and sick of debating. There is nothing you hate more on this ungodly plain than hearing the words "delta," "comparative" and "deadlock." You are still a good debater though and have managed to make the final, and as much as it pains you, you have an equal chance at winning.

The ownership of professional sports teams can be split among multiple owners e.g. 68% of Juventus Football Club is owned by the Agnelli family, which founded the Fiat car company, while the remaining 32% is split among smaller shareholders Some teams, however, are owned mostly by fans e.g. 75% of Bayern Munich Football Club is split among more than 250,000 fans, while the remaining 25% is split equally among 3 companies.

1. The World Schools Debating Championships (WSDC) is the premiere international high school debating tournament where students represent their countries. Each year, national teams are comprised of 3 speaking members and up to 2 alternate members that can be "substituted" into debate rounds. 2. You are a mediocre debater with a mild interest in debating. You reside in a country that has a history of fielding a strong and competitive team for WSDC. After competing in debate for all of high school, you were finally selected to represent your nation as one of the alternate members in your final year. You would likely speak in 1 or 2 of the 10+ rounds at WSDC.

Currently, the only standard that the IOC follows in stripping medalists of their awards is if their actions compromise the integrity of competition. Examples include, but are not limited to, the use of banned drugs and violating amateurism rules. Klete Keller, a 5-time olympic medalist was charged with violating federal law for joining the riot on the US Capitol last January. There have been calls to have his medals stripped.

You are an athlete who has been identified as having huge potential in your sport. Unfortunately, you are a citizen of a country that cannot afford to provide the training and facilities you'd need to achieve your potential. Another country has offered you the training and facilities that could make you an Olympian, and potentially an Olympic Champion. The only condition is that you must renounce your current citizenship and become a citizen of this new country

You are an author who has discovered you have the power that the next book you write will be taken as gospel (believed absolutely, without any doubt) by all who read it.

Performance enhancement drugs are substances (such as an anabolic steroid, human growth hormone, or erythropoietin) that are used illicitly to improve athletic performance.

"Majors" are prestigious and highly competitive debate tournaments held annually and internationally. These tournaments span over several days and draw a significant number of participants. Some examples of majors include WUDC, Australs, EUDC, UADC, and ABP

The French Open recently fined Naomi Osaka for skipping out on post match press conference, which lead to her pulling out of the ongoing event. Osaka cited mental health issues, which lead to the French Open first issuing her a warning and then second a hefty fine. Press conference days and viewerships are two major means of income for large sporting events, as media outlets would have to pay a hefty sum to be able to interview athletes. This money is then funneled into the event to pay the appearance fee for all athletes, the prize money and etc.

The commercialization of sports is that aspect of the sports enterprise that involves the sale, display, or use of sport or some aspect of sport so as to produce income. This includes but is not limited to selling television rights, merchandise, involvement of commercial sponsors and advertisers etc

The European Super League (ESL) was a proposed breakaway league consisting of twelve European football teams. The clubs' intention was to create a lucrative alternative to existing European football competitions. The ESL would include these twelve clubs as permanent competitors protected from relegation; other clubs would be able to compete to join the ESL. The ESL was abandoned after concerted pressure from fan groups, domestic football associations and UEFA (the Union of European Football Associations).

Numerous football leagues and clubs have made plans for regional transnational football leagues, such as BeNeLiga (Belgium and Netherlands), the Mega League (numerous southeast European countries including Greece, Romania, Serbia, Israel and Croatia) and the inclusion of Scottish teams to the English Premier League. These leagues would be constructed from the top teams of each domestic league, with lower ranked teams creating second and thrid tier regional leagues. Regional transnational leagues can be seen as an alternative to proposed larger multinational superleagues that would include teams from a larger area and only include absolute top teams.

The English Rule specifies that the loser in a lawsuit pay the legal fees for both themselves, and the winner, this rule is followed in most western democracies except the United States. The American Rule states that both parties will separately pay their legal fees, unless dictated otherwise.

Naturalization policy in sports is where a state provides a path to citizenship for athletes from another country in exchange for representing the country of destination's national team or contingent in international sporting events.

The European Super League (ESL) was a proposed breakaway league consisting of 11 of the most successful European football teams and Arsenal FC. Their intention was to create a lucrative alternative to existing European football competitions, in which they would be a permanent competitor protected from relegation or non-qualification. The ESL was abandoned after concerted pressure from fan groups, domestic football associations and UEFA (the Union of European Football Associations).

A closed-league model is a league structure that has a fixed set of teams year-on-year and entry to the league is only possible via the approval of a new team franchise (expansion) or the transfer of an existing one (relocation), regardless of their performance. An open-league model is its opposite, such that it allows for entry/exit of teams through promotion/relegation (e.g. pyramid or tiered system), in which teams are transferred to a higher/lower league division based on their performance in the preceding season.

The status quo for para athletes largely reflects separate bodies, decision-making and events. For example, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) are separate global governing bodies for the Olympics and Paralympics respectively. Although they have a partnership agreement which sets out matters of cooperation and financial support, they make decisions separately (eg. the decision to ban all Russian athletes from the 2016 Paralympics due to doping, vs. allowing some Russian athletes to compete in the 2016 Olympics). As well, the Olympic Games and the Paralympic Games are held separately, although the partnership agreement requires the same host for both. The IPC also undertakes its own advocacy for broader para athlete issues.

"The Hundred" is a new cricket league to be played by city-based teams in England and Wales. It contains a number of rule changes to traditional cricket with the overall aim of shortening the match, including: 100 balls per innings; bowlers deliver either five or 10 consecutive balls; each bowler can deliver a maximum of 20 balls per game; each bowling side gets a strategic timeout of up to two and a half minutes; and a simplified scoreboard which changes "wickets" to "outs". The Hundred will be shown on the BBC, with traditional cricket coverage to remain on Sky Sports.

For the purposes of this debate, 'sportsmanship' refers to playing the game according to the 'spirit' of the game, rather than simply adhering to the rules.

For the purposes of this debate, state training programs recruit potential individuals to enroll in rigorous state-sponsored training programs for competitive sports. These programs, who often requires young athletes to train exclusively, often replaces formal schools/education.

eSports describes the world of competitive, organised video gaming. eSports are becoming increasingly professionalised and can attract large amounts of prize-money. Historically, Nintendo has not embraced eSports to the same extent as other games, such as Fortnite, Overwatch, Dota 2 and League of Legends. For example, while the winner of the 2019 Fortnite World Cup won $3 million, the record for the most money won in a Super Smash Bros event is around $30K. Many players, who have instead established 'grassroots' competitions, have called for Nintendo to provide more support. However, Nintendo has stated that this would be against the ethos of the company, which rejects games being played for money and aims to primarily focus on attracting new players.

In sports, a salary cap is a rule that places a limit on the amount of money that a club can spend on players' salaries. It exists as a per-player limit or a total limit for the team's roster, or both.

Home venus are generally a stadium in the area / district / region / country of that team - e.g. IPL's Kolkata Knight Riders playing at Kolkata Eden Gardens, or EPL's Manchester United playing at Old Trafford, or Bangladesh playing at Mirpur Sher-e-Bangla Stadium. Neutral venues are not the home venue for either of the sports teams involved. Due to COVID-19 restrictions, a few sports matches are being played in neutral areas which are less affected by the virus. This has happened regarding both club-level and international level matches. An example is the upcoming Indian Premier LEague 2021, in which no franchise plays at their home venue

Currently, NBA franchises are limited in the total amount they can spend on all their players' combined salaries. This is known as the 'salary cap'. If they exceed this maximum number, they face severe financial consequences in the form of a tax imposed by the NBA. NBA franchises are also limited in the total amount they can spend on individual players' salaries. The exact amount depends on the number of years the player has been in the league and the amount of accolades they have earned. Currently, the maximum a team can spend on any one player is equal to 35% of the salary cap."

States such as the U.S.A and Singapore currently offer citizenship based on sporting ability, inviting athletes to compete in their domestic institutions on condition they take citizenship in order to be eligible to compete for that state's national team.

In the NFL, more than half of the players are African-American. However, despite this, 12 of 32 teams have not hired an African-American coach since 2009 despite vacancies opening up for 8 of the teams.

In 2021, Formula 1 will introduce a ""cost cap"" - a cap limiting the amount of money each team can spend during the competitive year

The 'one-year-out' rule requires prospective NBA (National Basketball Association) players to take a gap year after graduating from high school before they can be drafted or play in the NBA. Most players choose to spend this gap year at college playing amateur basketball, although some choose to spend a year playing in overseas professional leagues.

In a long awaited ruling, World Athletics confirmed that Nike Vaporfly which can improve marathon times by one to two minutes in elite athletes are legally allowable despite many in the sport accusing the shoes of being like "technological doping". World Athletics has put an "indefinite moratorium (stoppage)" on future advances in shoe technology because it admits "there is sufficient evidence to raise concerns that the integrity of the sport might be threatened by recent developments"

Bundesliga is the professional association soccer league in Germany and at the top of the German soccer league system The 50+1 rule is an informal term used to refer to a clause in the regulations of the Bundesliga. The clause states that, in order to obtain a license to compete in the Bundesliga, a club and, by extension, the fans must hold a majority of its own voting rights. Football clubs will not be allowed to play in the Bundesliga if commercial investors have more than a 49 percent stake.

National Sporting Boards (like the Bangladesh Cricket Board) offer contracts to players to play for the national team. These contracts are controlled by the Board. Afterwards, players need permission to play in an international domestic sporting league like the Big Bash or the IPL.

Professional sporting clubs are large commercial organizations with professional players which have teams which regularly compete at the highest level of the sport. Examples include Manchester United (football), Sydney Sixers (cricket) and the Dallas Cowboys (Rugby). Motion:

Cricket is a globally popular sport. Currently it is played in 3 formats - Test (5-day games), One Day (50-overs per side) and T20 (Twenty-overs per side). T20 is the latest and the most commercialized format of the sport. One match takes roughly around 3-3.5 hours to finish. Currently, T20 format sees a world cup every 2 years. Recently multiple countries have started league tournaments in T20 format involving both domestic and international players.

In March 2020, the NBA season was postponed due to the coronavirus. After a few months, the NBA planned to continue the season as it was considered to be safe. The plan was met with criticism from the African-American members on the National Basketball Player Association (NBPA) who raised the concern about the ongoing Black Lives Matter protest. Despite the resistance, the NBA decided to continue the season. Eventually, NBPA members hesitantly agree to the plan, and the season was continued in early August 2020. In 23rd August 2020, another police shooting incident happened, involving victim, Jacob Blake, an African-American man. The incident sparked another wave of protest across the country.

Competitive esports tend to contain choices in how you approach a match. For example, which character you play in League of Legends or what you choose to spend your resources on in Counter Strike (weapons, armour, items). When one of these choices is disproportionately strong, it creates imbalances in the game. Due to the complexity of these games, even small imbalances can have very large impacts on the way the game must be played, such that a player who is able to exploit these imbalances is often able to easily defeat a player with far more technical skill. "Patches" are updates to video games which typically serve three purposes. 1) To add new features to a game. 2) To remove existing features from the game. 3) To make existing characters or features in the game weaker ("nerfing") or stronger ("buffing"). Patches in esports are predominantly used to alter the competitive balance. Patches can often radically alter the "meta" (the widely agreed upon optimal strategy for play) in unexpected ways.

Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) is a progressive degenerative disease of the brain found in people with a history of repetitive brain trauma (often athletes), including symptomatic concussions as well as asymptomatic subconcussive hits to the head that do not cause symptoms. It is also associated with the development of dementia. Potential signs of CTE are problems with thinking and memory, personality changes, and behavioral changes including aggression and depression. Famous cases of CTE include Chris Benoit, the professional wrestler who murdered his family, and took his own life in 2008.

Hamilton: an American musical is a sung-and-rapped through musical by Lin-Manuel Miranda. It tells the story of American founding father Alexander Hamilton. The show draws heavily from hip hop, as well as R&B, pop, soul, and traditional-style show tunes; and casts non-white actors as the founding fathers and other historical figures.

Gambling rules in India are very complex,based on Subjective metrics of Game of Skill vs Game of Chance. However, as things stand right now, Indian courts have adjudged fantasy sports apps like Dream11 (+70 Million users) a game of skill and hence, exempt from the Public Gambling Act, 1867. Google on the other hand has very strict policies regarding gambling and doesn't allow any app offering cash contests on the playstore.

India doesn't allow for dual citizenship, hence prohibiting players born in other countries to play for Indian National Team. However, this is unlike a few other countries where the system is allowed for-ex 6 of the Germany World Cup Winning Football Team players were not born in Germany.

At it's simplest, the English football league system is a pyramid, consisting of the premier league, the championship, league one and league two, adding up to a total of 92 teams. The wage difference between the Premier League and League One has a wage increase of more than a hundred times for some clubs, with the average wage of a premier league player being a quarter of a million. The recently introduced league one salary cap is now set at £3.25 million per club (not per player), to include all wages, bonuses, agent fees, and any other money paid to players.

The NCAA is an organisation that governs collegiate athletics for over 1200 US institutions (and SFU) and 480 000 student athletes annually, separating institutions into Division 1, 2, and 3 levels. Division I and Division II schools can offer scholarships to athletes for playing a sport. Division III schools may not offer any athletic scholarships. The NCAA caps the benefits that collegiate athletes can receive from their schools to their alloted scholarship, not allowing them to profit from their athletic career while they are a student.

The National Basketball Association is an American men's professional basketball league that is extremely popular. The majority of athletes in the NBA are African American. In light of the shooting of Jacob Blake, an African American individual, the remaining players in the playoffs had discussed boycotting the entire season as a means of protest. However, the players had decided to continue playing and to finish off the season as per usual.

CTE is a disease that impairs thinking, and causes behavioral and mood problems, it is commonly seen among athletes from contact sports like wrestling, boxing, rugby, American football. Some terming it to resemble "the brain of an 80 year old with Alzheimer's". There have been cases where teams and/or associations cancel athletes for committing violent crimes that are aggravated by CTE (e.g. Chris Benoit, Jovan Belcher, etc.) (For the purpose of this debate cancel refers to stop giving support, disacknowledging the achievements of athletes)

In response to Barcelona Football Club's issues with internal politics and poor performance, Lionel Messi, commonly touted as the Greatest Player in the Club's history, has been reported as considering leaving. He has spent his entire professional career with Barcelona, where he has won a club-record 33 trophies, but is frustrated with the direction of the club and current capacity

E-Sports are professional competitions of video games between individuals or teams. Its most popular modalities are strategy games (e.g. Starcraft), shooting games (e.g. Counter-Strike) and fighting games (e.g. Street Fighter), among other genres

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative disease, mainly caused by movements that cause the skull to collide with the brain. It has been documented that people who perform contact sports such as football are especially vulnerable to developing ETC. The disease is incurable, irreversible and progressive. Its effects include cognitive impairment, memory loss, explosive aggressiveness, depression, loss of motor control and dementia. The longer the game, the greater the probability of developing it // Motion: TH,

"Instantaneous Naturalizing" is a process of granting a foreigner citizenship of a country that bypasses the usual process of naturalization (generally varies according to countries. For example, Malaysia requires the foreigner to have resided in the country for at least 10 years in a period of 12 years). Instantaneous Naturalizing is done much faster and often for a specific purpose.

Sports bounties are fees paid to players for injuring an opponent on the field. These bounties are prohibited by sports leagues. They are typically punished with fines and suspensions

Amercian sports leagues (e.g. NBA, NFL, NHL) tend to set salary caps limiting (a) individuals salaries and (b) teams' total salary bills overall. In contrast, many other sports leagues allow transfers, salaries and other payments of value subject to reasonably minimal regulation.