Economics & Development debate motions (page 3)

Parler is a social media app that developed a following among American conservatives, particularly supporters of Donald Trump. Amazon halted the provision of its Web Services to the company after the riot at the Capitol.

A 'private city' is a city that is owned, developed, and operated exclusively by private individuals and/or organizations (usually companies). Within the city, the operators provide all public services and have some power to establish their own sets of rules that differ from the laws of the country it is in.

A minimum spend policy requires households to spend a designated percentage of their income and/or wealth in a given period of time. This policy applies progressively, and would replace tax either partially or entirely.

The Amazon rainforest is home to roughly 100 tribes of uncontacted peoples. Since the 1980s, Brazil's government has attempted to protect these tribes by setting up reservations, and passing laws prohibiting outsiders from making contact.

Common shared resources are resources everyone has equal access to, for example, roads. Overconsumption of shared common resources often has negative outcomes, for example – taking numerous flights in a given period, using a car everyday, overgrazing on common fields.

The CFA franc encompassed 14 West and Central African nations, including Niger, Cameroon, Mali and Côte d'Ivoire. The currency was pegged at a fixed rate against the euro, and compelled participating African countries to deposit 50% of their foreign exchange reserves with the French treasury. This in turn guaranteed payments into euros even if the CFA member state could not meet import payments. While an important source of financial stability, the CFA franc has long been politically sensitive owing to the power it exerts over countries which have now been independent from France for over half a century, and has recently come to an end as of July 2020.

MSP means minimum support price which is an agricultural product price, set by the Government to purchase directly from the farmer.

Stoicism is a school of virtue ethics, asserting that the practice of virtue is both necessary and sufficient to achieve happiness. Stoics also upheld indifference to wealth, and external stimuli, however also recognized that individuals could prefer to pursue the same only when it helped them live more virtuous lives.

You are the founder of a large international pharmaceutical company. You have created a special aphrodisiac named 'Liquid Lust.' It turns people on in any context and guarantees orgasm when consumed before sexual activity. Anticipation of product launch has massively driven up your company's stock price. Competitors Johnson&Johnson and Pfizer are eager to develop something similar and are desperate to learn the formula. While you have harnessed company resources and the efforts of several departments to create Liquid Lust, you are the only one who knows all the ingredients. The crucial active ingredient of Liquid Lust is human breastmilk.

For the purposes of this debate, the level of vaccinated citizens has not reached levels necessary to achieve herd immunity or to stop the pandemic. Free vaccine is readily available to the general population, and people who are not vaccinated refuse to do so, rather than are unable to do so

A reserve currency (or anchor currency) is a foreign currency that is held in significant quantities by central banks or other monetary authorities. The reserve currency can be used in international transactions, international investments and all aspects of the global economy, and can be used in emergencies where a country's own currency has lost its value.

Foreign Direct Investment pertains to foreign investment in which the investor obtains a lasting interest in an enterprise in another country. It involves establishing a direct business interest in a foreign country, such as buying or establishing a manufacturing business, building warehouses, or buying buildings. Foreign Indirect Investment (FII), on the other hand, refers to investing in the financial assets of a foreign country, such as stocks or bonds available on an exchange. In simple terms, it involves the purchase of securities that can be easily bought or sold. The intent with FII is generally to invest money into the foreign country's stock market with the hope of generating a return.

The assumption of econoic rationality is the assumption that economic decision makers have a purely materialistic, individualistic, and self interested orientation towards economic decisionmaking. This assumes that individuals behavie in rational ways and consider options and decisions within logical structures of thought, as opposed to involving emotional, moral, or psychological elements. Furthermore, it is based on the assumption that individuals seek to maximise utility and minimise costs for themselves

The labor export policy is the export of the country's labor force to foreign countries. The Philippines started the massive export of labor to foreign countries in the 1970s as an economic strategy of the dictator marcos to resolve economic crises of his administration

The Chongqing model of economic development, used by Bo Xilai, involves a focus on improving economic development through the promotion of large state-owned enterprises, the profits of which are redistributed to massive public housing projects and subsidies for the poor. In contrast, the Guangdong model of economic development, currently used by Xi Jinping's faction, focuses on the development of flourishing private enterprise and the presence of strong trade unions to curb the power of private business with very little focus on redistribution

Marketing boards are government-owned institutions which function as monopsonies, preventing private sellers from selling their goods on the free markets and instead forcing them to sell to a marketing board. Marketing boards control the sale, distribution, and allocation of the resources that are created.

Colonial determinism refers to the view that postcolonial states are irredeemably influenced by the structures of colonialism, and that these structures are primarily responsible for the economic, political and social contexts these states find themselves in.

Fractional-reserve banking is the common practice by commercial banks of accepting deposits and creating credit, while holding reserves equal to a fraction of the bank's deposit liabilities. Reserves are held as currency in the bank or as balances in the bank's accounts at the central bank. Fractional Reserve Banking is the current form if banking practiced worldwide. Narrow banking is a concept in which a bank invests its deposits only in government securities, such as treasury bills and treasury bonds. A narrow bank neither lends money to anyone nor makes investments in shares and bonds issued by non-government entities.

Definition: Limited liability companies are firms where shareholders are legally responsible for the debts of a company ONLY to the extent of the nominal value of their shares. I.E. if the firm racks up debt and collapses, only the fortunes of shareholders invested in the firm would be collected.

Eurasia Economic Union (EEU) is a union of Armena, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Russia. The development level of the EEU economies varies, with some also being more oil-oriented and some more agriculture -oriented. A significant portion of the trade of the EEU countries is conducted with other states of the union.

When you wake up in the morning from unsettling dreams, you find yourself changed in your bed into Jeff Bezos. Jeff Bezos' employees are now your employees. His money is now your money. Nothing you say or do will convince anyone you are not Jeff Bezos, even his closest friends and family

A capital adequacy requirement is the amount of capital a bank or other financial institution needs to have, as required by its financial regulator. These requirements are put in place to ensure that these institutions do not take on excess debt and risk becoming insolvent

Years of life can be extracted and traded among people. People do not know how many years of life they have left. Years of life are traded away from end of life by natural death. If a seller sells more years than they have left, the seller perishes and the buyer receives as many years as they had left.

Geoengineering is the deliberate large-scale intervention in the Earth's natural systems to counteract climate change. Proposed technologies include, but are not limited to, solar technology to reflect the Sun's energy back into space, attempts to remove CO2 from the atmosphere, and technology to cool oceans. This strategy stands in opposition to mitigtion strategies like subsidising green energies or pollution-reduction initiatives.

Companies like Apple, Amazon, Google, and Facebook own 'platform utilities', such as app stores or search engines. that allow users to access content. Those same companies also advertise their own products e.g. Google-owned webpages, Apple apps, and Amazon products on these platform utilities.

Protectionism is the economic policy of restricting imports from other countries through methods such as tariffs on imported goods, import quotas, and a variety of other government regulations.

THW incentivize work from home (*not only for the duration of the pandemic)

A charter city is created when a host country grants a long-term lease on one of its municipalities to a foreign government. Generally, charter cities are still subject to the constitution, international treaties, and criminal laws of the host nation, but the lease holder has significant autonomy over governance otherwise (e.g., regulations on commerce, labour laws). Canada and Honduras have considered establishing a charter city in Honduras.

For the purposes of this debate, "essential expenditure" is any expenditure necessary to ensure someone's basic needs are met. This includes: the provision of a basic standard of education, necessary living expenses such as food and housing, medical care, and spending to mitigate emergencies.

For the purpose of the debate, an intelligence quotient (IQ) refers to a total score derived from a set of standardized tests that could accurately assess human intelligence. Through intelligence, humans possess the cognitive abilities to learn, form concepts, understand, apply logic, and reason.

Debt repayment is the act of paying back money previously borrowed from a lender. Typically, the return of funds happens through periodic payments that include both principal and interest, or set of repayments, of interest and principal, to a later date

A private city is a city that is owned, developed, and operated exclusively by private individuals and/or organizations (usually companies). In a private city these individuals/companies will provide all of the public services for the city by itself. In return, private cities often have their own sets of rules in which the laws of the broader country (including labor, regulations, tax codes, financial laws, business, and property laws, and education models) don't apply.

Bonded scholarship programmes in places like Singapore and Malaysia facilitate the ability of students to study abroad at elite universities. These programs are paid for by the state in return for the student being "bonded" to work for the state for a given period of time (3, 5, 10 years). Students may be bonded to specific departments or just bonded in general. It is possible for students to occasionally default on their bond and pay back the cost of education at a large premium.

Economic liberalism is a doctrine that assumes the best way to develop societies is to minimize government intervention into the economy and apply greater focus to international trade. International financial institutions such as WTO, the IMF or the WB often support measures in line with this doctrine. Examples of implementation include: minimizing the number of trade tariffs in the world by the WTO, or encouraging the reduction of public spending and privatization of state-owned entreprises by the IMF.

Investor-state arbitration allows investors or businesses to bring a case directly against the government of the country that they are operating in. In the 1970s, states began signing treaties that allowed for investor-state arbitration. Moving to an investor-state arbitration system led to a significant increase in the number of cases brought and won against developing countries by foreign investors. Some countries have attempted to replace investor-state arbitration with state-state arbitration. In a state-state arbitration system, the investor or business has to lobby the government of their home country to bring a dispute against the country they are operating in.

In some countries such as China, land is not owned by private individuals or companies, but rather is leased from the government to those entities for a period of time ranging from 20 to 99 years.

*Cli thinks you should know that a ""publicly traded company"" is a company whose shares are available for purchase by the general public."

Annisa is a woman with liberal values, she comes from a low economic background and was raised in highly conservative society. She recently just graduated from college where she majored in IT. After a rough start in her job seeking adventure, due to economic slowdown, she got accepted in a company as a management trainee in the IT department. This job has a well-paying salary However, the company has conservative customs and regulations (ie. conservative clothing, gender behaviour expectations, etc.)

The 'urban poor' refers to individuals or families in urban areas with incomes below the poverty line.

Gamification is the application of game-design elements and game principles (e.g. point scoring, competition with others, rules of play) in non-game contexts.

High-frequency trading ("HFT") is a form of financial trading which uses financial data, electronic trading tools, and computer algorithms in order to process vast quantities of information and conduct trades at a much faster rate than human traders are capable of. An average HFT firm might be able to move in and out of a position (e.g. by purchasing and selling particular assets) in seconds, or even fractions of a second.

A start-up is a company in the first stage of its operations, often being financed by its entrepreneurial founders during the initial starting period. Small and mid-size enterprises (SMEs) are established businesses that maintain revenues, assets, or a number of employees below a certain size.

Monetary financing, or the monetisation of government deficits, is a monetary policy whereby a central bank purchases debt directly from that country's government in order to finance a government deficit. This has two effects: it (1) facilitates government spending, and (2) increases the supply of money in an economy. Monetising government deficits differs from quantitative easing in the sense that the former involves purchasing bonds directly from the government, whereas the latter involves buying bonds and other financial assets on the secondary (i.e. open) market. The European Central Bank is different to many central banks because it performs the typical functions of a central bank across all countries which use the Euro.

A "petroleum fund" is a sovereign wealth fund that holds revenues from state-owned oil extraction. In some places (such as Norway), the state cannot use the fund's principal to finance welfare programs, but it can use the returns on investment of the principal and any interest the fund generates.

A GMO, or genetically modified organism, is a plant, animal, microorganism or other organism whose genetic makeup has been modified in a laboratory using genetic engineering or transgenic technology.

A 'closed shop' is a form of union security agreement under which an employer agrees to hire union members only, and employees must remain members of the union at all times in order to remain employed.

India uses "protected area management" to identify important natural areas and prioritizes the protection of wilderness in those areas over resource use (eg: wilderness preserves, national parks). Leasing the land to local residents would allow them to have autonomy over how the land is used and economically developed

Overconsumption of shared common resources often has negative outcomes, for example taking numerous flights in a given period, using a car every day, overgrazing on common fields.

Mera paise de re baba!

Universal basic income (UBI) is a model for periodically providing all citizens of a country, a given sum of money(or cash transfer), regardless of their income, resources or employment status.

Bollywood is one the largest centres of film production in the world, surpassing Hollywood's ticket sales by an estimated $1bn yearly. Bollywood movies are predominantly in the Hindi language. It is the only film industry in India that experiences significant global reach and popularity. The South Indian film industry comprises of film industries of languages from the South of India, including but not limited to the Telugu (Tollywood), Tamil (Kollywood) and Malayalam (Mollywood) film industries. They are significantly smaller in terms of net box office revenues compared to Bollywood, however, combined they represent around 50% of the local Indian film revenues and are well liked in some parts of India, most notably the South.

Impact evaluation is an assessment of the intended and unintended effects of government programmes. A proper analysis of impact requires a counterfactual of what those outcomes would have been in the absence of this intervention.

Climate change and global warming is the rapid increase in temperature on Earth, caused largely by human behaviour. It is an urgent issue that needs to be solved. The two most popular ways are adaptation and prevention (mitigation). Adaptation means focusing on ways humans can live with the impacts of climate rather rather than solving the problem itself. This includes protecting and strengthening food supply, building dams in areas where floods commonly occur, and other more long term plans such as space exploration. Mitigation means putting in all efforts to prevent climate change from getting worse. This includes lowering global carbon emissions through cutting meat, using renewable energy, and encouraging more sustainable ways of living in general. The two methods vary in cost, efficacy, and scale.

A Multi-National Corporation (MNC) is a corporate organization that owns or controls production of goods or services in at least one country other than its home country.

Under Narendra Modi's 'Make in India' policy the government has implemented a number of trade barriers, such as import duties, subsidies for domestic firms and farmers, and changing e-commerce regulations to limit the market access and competitive practices (such as price gouging) of foreign giants such as Walmart and Amazon.

On January 1 2016, the world`s largest economy, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations ("ASEAN") inagurated the ASEAN Economic Community ("AEC"). The AEC aims to create a single market and production base for the free flow of goods, services, investment, capital, and skilled labor within ASEAN. The new Community offers expanded opportunities and inevitable challenges for multinationals investing in this diverse but often opaque market

Celebrity CEO`s are CEOs of companies who start off in management but later develop a brand unique to their identity, gain a fan following and get the type of media attention and coverage that a celebrity does (E.g: Bill Gates, Elon Musk, Warren Buffet, Jeff Bezos)

Gold Digging refers to the romantic pursuit of a relationship or marriage with a wealthy person primarily or solely motivated by a desire for money

A blockchain is a digital, public ledger, that records online transactions. Blockchain is the core technology for cryptocurrencies like bitcoin. It ensures the integrity of a cryptocurrency by encripting, validating, and permanently recording transactions. A blockchain is similar to a bank's ledger, but open and accessible to everyone who utilizes the cryptocurrency it supports.

THBT developing states should aggressively incentivize collective farming

When the World Bank lends loans to states, it must be repaid by the country and its population. Therefore, even though loans were stolen by corrupt leaders, citizens must pay it back. It is said that one-third is the normal rate of corruption of WB loans.

Tax Mix : a combination/mixture of various taxes, as opposed to the aggregate tax level

Andy is an aspiring journalist fresh out of Northwestern University. Despite her ridicule for the shallowness of the fashion industry, she lands a job as junior personal assistant to Miranda Priestly, the editor-in-chief of Runway magazine, a job that "millions of girls would kill for". Andy plans to put up with Miranda's excessive demands and humiliating treatment for one year in the hopes of getting a job as a reporter or writer somewhere else. At first, Andy fumbles with her job and fits in poorly with her gossipy, fashion-conscious co-workers. After she approaches art director Nigel to help her learn the ropes in the world of fashion, she begins to dress stylishly and starts showing effort for the position, accommodating all of Miranda's whims and fancies. Problems arise in her relationship with her chef boyfriend, Nate, who increasingly finds her spending all her time at her new boss's beck and call. Miranda starts to notice Andy's changed appearance and commitment and begins to give her more responsibility and complicated tasks to handle. Slowly but surely, Andy becomes more glamorous and begins aligning herself, unwittingly at first, to the Runway philosophy. She gradually begins to outperform Emily (Miranda's previous junior assistant who was promoted to 1st assistant) at her job. Emily, meanwhile, is consumed with the thought of attending Paris Fashion Week as Miranda's assistant. At a charity benefit, she fails to provide information about a guest making his way to meet Miranda. Andy manages to save Miranda from embarrassment and is rewarded by being asked to replace Emily as Miranda's assistant at Fashion Week. Miranda tells Andy to inform Emily that she won't be going to Paris, but when Andy calls Emily, she is hit by a car and ends up in the hospital. She tells Emily the news, which infuriates her. When Andy tells Nate she is going to Paris, he is angered by her refusal to admit that she has become what she once ridiculed, and they break up.� In Paris, Andy learns from Miranda herself about her impending divorce. Later that night, Nigel tells Andy that he has accepted a job as creative director with rising designer James Holt. Further, Andy spends the night with a young writer, Christian Thompson, who reveals to her that Miranda is set to be replaced by Jacqueline Follet as editor of Runway. Feeling bad for Miranda in her current situation, Andy attempts to warn her but does not manage to get through. At a luncheon later that day, however, Miranda announces Jacqueline as the new creative director to Holt, leaving Andy and Nigel stunned. Later in the car, Miranda explains to Andy that she already knew of the plot to replace her and sacrificed Nigel instead to keep her own job. When Andy seems repulsed, Miranda points out that Andy did the same with Emily by stepping over her and agreeing to go to Paris. When they stop, Andy gets out and throws her cell phone into the fountain of the Place de la Concorde, leaving Miranda, Runway, and fashion behind Sometime later, Andy meets up with Nate and apologizes, though it is unclear if they eventually reconcile as Nate found a new job as a sous chef in Boston. The same day, Andy is interviewed and accepted to work at a major New York publication company. The editor recounts how he called Runway for a reference, and was told by Miranda herself that he would be an idiot not to hire Andy.

A furlough is a temporary unpaid leave of employees due to special needs of a company or employer. A 'zero-hour contract' is a type of contract between an employer and a worker according to which the employer is not obliged to provide any minimum working hours'

A venture capitalist (VC) is a private equity investor that provides capital to companies exhibiting high growth potential in exchange for an equity stake. This could be funding startup ventures or supporting small companies that wish to expand but do not have access to equities markets.

Sectoral bargaining, or industry-wide bargaining, is a form of collective bargaining that provides contract coverage and sets compensation floors for most workers in a particular occupation, industry, or region. Under this system, workers would negotiate standards for their industry across the country, rather than just individual companies negotiating with their management.

The Reginal Comprehensive Economic Partnership is a trade pact signed by Australia, China, Japan, New Zealand, South Korea, and the ten members of the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN). The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership will create the world's biggest trading bloc, and cover almost a third of the world's GDP, to the exclusion of the United States of America.

A private city is controlled and developed by private entities (usually companies). These individuals/companies get to dictate the set of rules in the locality, meaning the laws* of the broader country may not necessarily apply. The private entities will also be the ones providing all public services. *Laws: including labor, regulations, tax codes, financial laws, business, property, education and healthcare.

Firms may raise capital to invest, pay off old bonds, or pay for other opersations through borrowing, among other means. They may borrow from banks or through issuing bonds. Bonds are debt contracts between borrowers and lenders stipulating the amount to be borrowed, the interest payment, and the time until repayment

In 2018, dozens of US cities bid to host Amazon's second headquarters by offering a slew of taxpayer-funded incentives. These included grants, tax credits for the company, and relocation reimbursement for Amazon employees.

23andMe and Ancestry.com LLC are genomics and biotechnology companies who sell DNA kits to their customers. Customers would mail their DNA samples (usually saliva) to these companies who in turn, process/sequence the genomic material to obtain complete genetic information of the customers and present it to them via online platforms such as the Ancestry.com website. Examples of information that can be obtained through genomic sequencing include risk of genetic diseases, family lineages, and ethnic background. These services have gained significant popularity in the 21st century

You are Comedian DJ; a middle aged male comedian whose entire comic persona is based around dignity, dry humour, and wit. Your usual fan base isn't large, but consists of mostly the older generation due to your personality. You have stated several times in your material about your contempt for the youth of today.Taskmaster is a UK Entertainment programme where a group of 5 comedians perform tasks such as 'Don't Blink. Longest to not blink wins' and 'Make this coconut look like a Business Person. Best attempt wins'. Your task attempts are prerecorded and it is not known until studio recording how they will be judged. It is a hugely popular show with audiences of all ages.Taskmaster have stated several times their desire for you to be on the show and have extended an invitation to their latest Series

Extractive industries are the businesses that take raw materials, including oil, coal, gold, iron, copper and other minerals, from the earth.

A Global Solidarity Fund (GSF) is an alternative solution to current global development. It attempts to replace existing development and foreign aid organisations (e.g. the World Bank, or the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank), and allocate funds to both development, as well as lock some funding for global crisis response. The GSF would be run by an independent, diverse panel of experts in the relevant fields.

Person X is in possession of a machine that can give her powers to foresee the end result of every alternative option in all choice based decisions that she encounters. The caveat is that the power cannot be used selectively or turned off once the machine is used.

A wealth tax (also called a capital tax or equity tax) is a tax on an entity's holdings of assets. This includes the total value of personal assets, including cash, bank deposits, real estate, assets in insurance and pension plans, ownership of unincorporated businesses, financial securities, and personal trusts. Typically, liabilities (primarily mortgages and other loans) are deducted from an individual's wealth, hence it is sometimes called a net wealth tax

Sovereign debt refers to "official sector" or government-to-government debt payments. The G20 group of rich nations and big emerging powers extended their Debt Service Suspension Initiative (DSSI) to help the world's poorest countries cope with the fallout of the COVID-19 crisis until at least June 30, 2021, with a repayment period of five years and a one-year grace period. Countries that avail of this have to commit to use freed-up resources to increase social, health, or economic spending in response to the current crisis. Beneficiaries also commit to disclose all public sector debt and debt-like instruments.73 countries qualify, although only 46 have signed up so far.

Gamification describes the incentivisation of people's engagement in non-game contexts and activities by using game-style mechanics. Gamification leverages people's natural tendencies for competition, achievement, collaboration, and charity. For example, using leaderboards, employee rewards programs and recognition platforms for employee achievements.

When loaning to corporations, central banks will often acquire corporate bonds to use as collateral for the loan. Recently, many have begun advocating for central banks to refuse to accept such bond holdings from corporations that significantly contribute to climate change.

Telecommuting is the practice of working from home, making use of the internet, email, and the telephone.

The "main-bank system" was an unique feature of the Japanese economy from the mid-1960s to mid 1980s where the "main-banks" supported their borrowers through long-term relationships, sizable lending, and cross shared stocks. Conventionally the bank that had the most lending to the firm took the role of "main-bank." The system was sustained not only with tradition but also with leadership of the Ministry of Finance (Okura-sho) to sustain this system by regulating the capital market heavily so that banks engage mainly in commercial banking. The link between the MDF and banks went beyond sustainance of the main-bank system to create mutually beneficial formal and informal ties where the MOF was able to nudge banks to commit to strategically important industries to foster export-led growth, while the banks were given protection from competition and failures.

In 2020, the World Food Programme (WFP) was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for its efforts combatting hunger. Globally, agriculture produces enough food calories to meet the energy needs of all people alive today. However, the UN estimates that 815 million people, over 10% of the world's population, are suffering from chronic undernourishment - although technological advances have increased production, food shortages remain an issue.

n countries where most citizens have tribal identities, THBT legislative bodies should provide significant legislative representation to tribal chiefs

For the purposes of this debate, profits and earnings refer to any addition in an individual's personal wealth (can be from salary, profit from asset / trading, etc). Economic crisis is a crisis in the economy. nah just kidding. Economic crisis is characterized by a slowdown and a constant shrink in a country's economy, as well as a sudden increase in unemployment in a short period of time

Mass vaccination efforts refer to the effort that a government takes to vaccinate (> 70%) of the population, in hopes of creating herd immunity. For the purposes of this debate, a post-pandemic world refers to a world where people have adjusted with the reality of COVID-19, where they are able and always do the necessary precautions to not contract the virus (i.e. not being close to others in public, go out only when it's necessary). This measure can be done through, but not limited to, shifting our current behavior / activities to the digital world and to not let people depend on offices to work.

A refinery is a facility that refines or converts raw materials (e.g. nickel, iron, gold, oil, etc) into products of value. Currently, a country which possesses raw materials have the options to export them to countries that are able to refine them or to refine the materials themselves. Both ways have been tried and implemented, for example: Indonesia's curbing the export of nickel, and they're still heavily exporting coal.

In 2004, China passed a ""No Safety, No Promotion"" (NSNP) law, which makes the promotion of local government officials contingent upon their province not exceeding a threshold for severe workplace accidents, rather than economic growth.

Venture capital is a system of private equity that finances businesses (typically startups), typically in exchange for an equity stake in the firm.

Writing-off loans (otherwise known as consumer loan debt relief) is a policy adopted by the Kazakh government, where the government forgives the low-income people's debts owed to banks or microfinance firms

You are an old, unrecognized talented artist. You have recently recieved a job opportunity in a big firm, that promises you a large funding and exposure to your art. The position is contingent on you agreeing to censor the political parts in your works